The AR-15 is a popular semi-automatic rifle that has gained significant popularity among gun enthusiasts and sports shooters. It was originally designed by Eugene Stoner in the 1950s for military use, but has since become a favorite among civilians as well. The AR-15 is known for its versatility, accuracy, and customization options.
Building your own AR-15 allows you to have complete control over the components and features of your firearm. You can choose the specific parts that meet your needs and preferences, resulting in a rifle that is tailored to your shooting style. Additionally, building your own AR-15 can be a rewarding experience that allows you to learn more about the inner workings of the firearm.
Understanding the Components: Parts and Tools Required for Building
To build an AR-15, you will need several key components. These include the lower receiver, upper receiver, barrel, gas system, trigger assembly, handguard, stock and buffer assembly, and various small parts such as pins and springs. Each component plays a crucial role in the overall function and performance of the rifle.
In addition to the components, you will also need a set of tools to assemble your AR-15. These tools include a vise block or upper receiver block, armorers wrench, torque wrench, punches, hammer, and various screwdrivers. Having the right tools will make the assembly process much easier and ensure that you can properly tighten all the necessary screws and pins.
Choosing the Right Lower Receiver: Billet vs. Forged
The lower receiver is the main component of the AR-15 that houses the trigger assembly and magazine well. When it comes to choosing a lower receiver, you have two main options: billet or forged.
Billet lower receivers are machined from a solid block of aluminum. They are known for their sleek and modern appearance, as well as their precise tolerances. Billet lowers often have unique designs and features that can add a personalized touch to your AR-15.
Forged lower receivers, on the other hand, are made by hammering a piece of aluminum into shape. They are known for their durability and strength, making them a popular choice among shooters who prioritize reliability. Forged lowers are typically less expensive than billet lowers, making them a more budget-friendly option.
When choosing a lower receiver, it is important to consider factors such as your budget, intended use of the rifle, and personal preferences in terms of appearance and features.
Selecting the Upper Receiver: A1, A2, or Flat Top?
The upper receiver is the part of the AR-15 that houses the barrel and bolt carrier group. There are three main types of upper receivers: A1, A2, and flat top.
The A1 upper receiver is the original design used in the military M16 rifles. It features a fixed carry handle with integrated iron sights. The A1 upper receiver is known for its classic appearance and simplicity.
The A2 upper receiver is an updated version of the A1. It features a removable carry handle and adjustable rear sight. The A2 upper receiver allows for more customization options, as you can mount various optics or accessories on the Picatinny rail.
The flat top upper receiver does not have a carry handle or iron sights. Instead, it has a flat surface with a Picatinny rail that allows for easy mounting of optics or accessories. The flat top upper receiver is popular among shooters who prefer to use optics rather than iron sights.
When selecting an upper receiver, consider factors such as your shooting style, preferred sighting system, and intended use of the rifle.
Barrels and Gas Systems: Length, Twist Rate, and Gas Block Options
The barrel is one of the most important components of an AR-15, as it directly affects the accuracy and performance of the rifle. When choosing a barrel, there are several factors to consider, including length, twist rate, and gas system.
Barrel length can vary from 10.5 inches to 20 inches, with shorter barrels being more compact and maneuverable, while longer barrels offer increased velocity and accuracy. The most common barrel lengths for AR-15 rifles are 16 inches and 18 inches.
Twist rate refers to the rate at which the rifling inside the barrel twists. It is measured in inches per complete revolution. The twist rate determines the stability of the bullet in flight and can affect accuracy. Common twist rates for AR-15 barrels are 1:7, 1:8, and 1:9.
Gas systems are responsible for cycling the action of the AR-15. The most common gas systems are direct impingement and piston. Direct impingement systems use gas from the fired cartridge to cycle the action, while piston systems use a piston to drive the action. Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is important to consider your shooting style and preferences when choosing a gas system.
Trigger Assembly: Single Stage vs. Two Stage
The trigger assembly is another important component of an AR-15 that can greatly affect the shooting experience. There are two main types of triggers: single stage and two stage.
Single stage triggers have a consistent pull weight throughout the entire trigger pull. They are known for their simplicity and ease of use. Single stage triggers are popular among shooters who prioritize speed and rapid fire.
Two stage triggers have a two-step trigger pull. The first stage has a lighter pull weight, while the second stage has a heavier pull weight. Two stage triggers are known for their precision and accuracy, as they allow for a more controlled trigger pull.
When choosing a trigger assembly, consider factors such as your shooting style, intended use of the rifle, and personal preferences in terms of trigger pull weight and feel.
Handguards and Accessories: Choosing the Right Rail System
The handguard is the part of the AR-15 that surrounds the barrel and gas system. It provides a platform for mounting accessories such as lights, lasers, and vertical grips. There are several types of handguards available, including drop-in, free float, and keymod or M-Lok.
Drop-in handguards are the most common type and are easy to install. They are typically made of polymer or aluminum and do not require any modifications to the rifle.
Free float handguards are designed to “float” around the barrel, meaning they do not touch it. This can improve accuracy by reducing barrel harmonics. Free float handguards are typically more expensive than drop-in handguards and require additional tools for installation.
Keymod and M-Lok handguards feature a series of attachment points that allow for easy mounting of accessories. They are becoming increasingly popular due to their versatility and ease of use.
When choosing a handguard, consider factors such as your intended use of the rifle, preferred accessories, and personal preferences in terms of appearance and ergonomics.
Stock and Buffer Assembly: Mil-Spec vs. Commercial
The stock and buffer assembly is responsible for controlling the recoil of the AR-15. There are two main types of stock and buffer assemblies: mil-spec and commercial.
Mil-spec stocks and buffers are designed to meet military specifications. They are known for their durability and reliability. Mil-spec stocks have a smaller diameter tube, while mil-spec buffers have a longer length.
Commercial stocks and buffers are designed for civilian use. They often have a larger diameter tube, which can provide a more comfortable cheek weld. Commercial stocks and buffers are typically less expensive than mil-spec options.
When choosing a stock and buffer assembly, consider factors such as your shooting style, intended use of the rifle, and personal preferences in terms of comfort and ergonomics.
Build or Buy: Pros and Cons of Building Your Own AR-15
Building your own AR-15 has several advantages. First, it allows you to have complete control over the components and features of your firearm. You can choose the specific parts that meet your needs and preferences, resulting in a rifle that is tailored to your shooting style. Building your own AR-15 can also be a rewarding experience that allows you to learn more about the inner workings of the firearm.
However, building your own AR-15 also has some disadvantages. It requires time, effort, and knowledge of firearms. If you are not familiar with the assembly process or do not have access to the necessary tools, building your own AR-15 may not be feasible. Additionally, building your own AR-15 can be more expensive than buying a pre-built rifle, especially if you are starting from scratch and need to purchase all the necessary components.
Range Day: Safety Tips and Best Practices for Shooting Your AR-15
Once you have built your AR-15, it is important to follow safety guidelines and best practices when shooting it. Here are some safety tips to keep in mind:
1. Always treat your firearm as if it is loaded.
2. Keep your finger off the trigger until you are ready to shoot.
3. Be aware of your target and what is beyond it.
4. Wear appropriate eye and ear protection.
5. Follow all range rules and regulations.
6. Keep your firearm pointed in a safe direction at all times.
7. Store your firearm securely when not in use.
In addition to safety tips, it is also important to properly maintain and clean your AR-15 after each use. This will ensure that it continues to function properly and remains reliable. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for cleaning and lubricating your firearm, and inspect it regularly for any signs of wear or damage.
Conclusion: Building your own AR-15 can be a rewarding experience that allows you to customize your firearm to your specific needs and preferences. By understanding the different components and factors to consider, you can build a high-quality AR-15 that is both reliable and accurate. However, it is important to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of building your own AR-15 before making a decision. Consider factors such as your budget, time, and knowledge of firearms. Whether you choose to build or buy, always prioritize safety and follow best practices when shooting your AR-15.
